MR. JUSTICE CLIFFORD delivered the opinion of the court.
Rules of navigation are ordained, and required to be observed, to save life and property employed in marine pursuits, and not to promote collisions, or to justify the wrong-doer where such a disaster has occurred. The Sunnyside, 1 Otto, 210.
Ships and vessels engaged in commerce ought to observe the rules of navigation in all cases where they apply; and it is safe to affirm that they always apply...
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