Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
The defendant was convicted of robbery in the first degree after a nonjury trial. On appeal, he contends that, in reaching its verdict, the trial court improperly shifted the burden of proof to him and violated his right against self-incrimination.
"[I]n a bench trial, it is presumed that the Judge sitting as the trier of fact made [her or] his decision based upon appropriate legal criteria" (People v Lucas, 291...
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