OPINION OF THE COURT
Chief Judge LIPPMAN.
In the early morning hours of December 21, 2005, a State Police Investigator crept underneath defendant's street-parked van and placed a global positioning system (GPS) tracking device inside the bumper. The device remained in place for 65 days, constantly monitoring the position of the van. This nonstop surveillance was conducted without a warrant.
The GPS device, known as a "Q-ball," once attached to the...
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