ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY INC. v. RAFFENSPERGER

CIVIL ACTION FILE No. 1:21-CV-05337-SCJ, CIVIL ACTION FILE No. 1:21-CV-05339-SCJ, CIVIL ACTION FILE No. 1:22-CV-00122-SCJ.

700 F.Supp.3d 1136 (2023)

ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY INC., et al., Plaintiffs, v. Brad RAFFENSPERGER, in his official capacity as Secretary of State of Georgia, Defendant. Coakley Pendergrass et al., Plaintiffs, v. Brad Raffensperger et al., Defendants. Annie Lois Grant et al., Plaintiffs, v. Brad Raffensperger et al., Defendants.

United States District Court, N.D. Georgia, Atlanta Division.

Signed October 26, 2023.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Abigail Shaw, Pro Hac Vice, Alex W. Miller, Pro Hac Vice, Cassandra Mitchell, Pro Hac Vice, Debo P. Adegbile, Pro Hac Vice, Eliot Kim, Pro Hac Vice, Joseph D. Zabel, Pro Hac Vice, Juan M. Ruiz Toro, Pro Hac Vice, Maura Douglas, Pro Hac Vice, Robert Boone, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, New York, NY, Ari J. Savitzky, Pro Hac Vice, Casey Katharine Smith, Pro Hac Vice, Jennesa Calvo-Friedman, Pro Hac Vice, Kelsey A. Miller, Pro Hac Vice, Ming Cheung, Pro Hac Vice, Sophia Lin Lakin, Pro Hac Vice, American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, Inc., New York, NY, Anuj Dixit, Pro Hac Vice, Marisa A. DiGiuseppe, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr, LLP, Los Angeles, CA, Anuradha Sivaram, Pro Hac Vice, De'Ericka Aiken, Pro Hac Vice, Edward Henderson Williams, II, Pro Hac Vice, Sonika Data, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Washington, DC, Ayana Williams, Pro Hac Vice, Sughrue Mion Zinn MacPeak & Seas, Washington, DC, Charlotte Geaghan-Breiner, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer, Cutler, Pickering, Hale, and Dorr, LLP, Palo Alto, CA, Denise Tsai, Pro Hac Vice, George P. Varghese, Pro Hac Vice, Taeyoung Kim, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Boston, MA, Rahul Garabadu, Caitlin Felt May, Cory Isaacson, ACLU Foundation of Georgia, Inc., Atlanta, GA, for Plaintiff Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. in No. 1:21-CV-05337.

Abigail Shaw, Pro Hac Vice, Alex W. Miller, Pro Hac Vice, Debo P. Adegbile, Pro Hac Vice, Eliot Kim, Pro Hac Vice, Joseph D. Zabel, Pro Hac Vice, Juan M. Ruiz Toro, Pro Hac Vice, Maura Douglas, Pro Hac Vice, Robert Boone, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, New York, NY, Ari J. Savitzky, Pro Hac Vice, Casey Katharine Smith, Pro Hac Vice, Jennesa Calvo-Friedman, Pro Hac Vice, Kelsey A. Miller, Pro Hac Vice, Ming Cheung, Pro Hac Vice, Sophia Lin Lakin, Pro Hac Vice, American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, Inc., New York, NY, Anuj Dixit, Pro Hac Vice, Marisa A. DiGiuseppe, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr, LLP, Los Angeles, CA, Anuradha Sivaram, Pro Hac Vice, De'Ericka Aiken, Pro Hac Vice, Edward Henderson Williams, II, Pro Hac Vice, Sonika Data, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Washington, DC, Ayana Williams, Pro Hac Vice, Sughrue Mion Zinn MacPeak & Seas, Washington, DC, Charlotte Geaghan-Breiner, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer, Cutler, Pickering, Hale, and Dorr, LLP, Palo Alto, CA, Denise Tsai, Pro Hac Vice, George P. Varghese, Pro Hac Vice, Taeyoung Kim, Pro Hac Vice, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Boston, MA, Rahul Garabadu, Caitlin Felt May, Cory Isaacson, ACLU Foundation of Georgia, Inc., Atlanta, GA, for Plaintiffs Sixth District of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Eric T. Woods, Katie Bailey Glenn, Phil Brown, Janice Stewart in No. 1:21-CV-05337.

Bryan Francis Jacoutot, Bryan P. Tyson, Daniel H. Weigel, Diane Festin LaRoss, Donald P. Boyle, Jr., Frank B. Strickland, Taylor English Duma LLP, Atlanta, GA, Charlene S. McGowan, Office of the Georgia Attorney General, Atlanta, GA, Elizabeth Marie Wilson Vaughan, Department of Law — Division 5, Atlanta, GA, for Defendant in No. 1:21-CV-05337.

Daniel J. Hessel, Pro Hac Vice, Ruth M. Greenwood, Pro Hac Vice, Theresa J. Lee, Pro Hac Vice, Election Law Clinic, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA, Albert Matthews Pearson, III, Albert M. Pearson LLC, Atlanta, GA, for Amici Fair Districts GA, Election Law Clinic at Harvard Law School in No. 1:21-CV-05337.

Abha Khanna, Pro Hac Vice, Jonathan Patrick Hawley, Pro Hac Vice, Makeba Rutahindurwa, Pro Hac Vice, Elias Law Group LLP, Seattle, WA, Kevin J. Hamilton, Pro Hac Vice, Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, WA, Adam Martin Sparks, Joyce Gist Lewis, Krevolin & Horst, LLC, Atlanta, GA, Christina Ashley Ford, Pro Hac Vice, Daniel C. Osher, Pro Hac Vice, Michael Brandon Jones, Graham W. White, Pro Hac Vice, Elias Law Group LLP, Washington, DC, for Plaintiffs in No. 1:21-CV-05339.

Bryan Francis Jacoutot, Bryan P. Tyson, Diane Festin LaRoss, Donald P. Boyle, Jr., Frank B. Strickland, Taylor English Duma LLP, Atlanta, GA, Charlene S. McGowan, Office of the Georgia Attorney General, Atlanta, GA, Elizabeth Marie Wilson Vaughan, Department of Law — Division 5, Atlanta, GA, for Defendants Brad Raffensperger in Nos. 1:22-CV-00122, 1:21-CV-05339, Sara Tindall Ghazal in Nos. 1:22-CV-00122, 1:21-CV-05339, Matthew Mashburn in Nos. 1:22-CV-00122, 1:21-CV-05339, Edward Lindsey in No. 1:22-CV-00122.

Bryan P. Tyson, Diane Festin LaRoss, Donald P. Boyle, Jr., Taylor English Duma LLP, Atlanta, GA, Elizabeth Marie Wilson Vaughan, Department of Law — Division 5, Atlanta, GA, for Defendants Edward Lindsey in No. 1:21-CV-05339, Hon. William S. Duffey, Jr. in Nos. 1:22-CV-00122, 1:21-CV-05339, Janice W. Johnston in Nos. 1:22-CV-00122, 1:21-CV-05339.

Abha Khanna, Pro Hac Vice, Jonathan Patrick Hawley, Pro Hac Vice, Makeba Rutahindurwa, Pro Hac Vice, Elias Law Group LLP, Seattle, WA, Kevin J. Hamilton, Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, WA, Adam Martin Sparks, Joyce Gist Lewis, Krevolin & Horst, LLC, Atlanta, GA, Christina Ashley Ford, Pro Hac Vice, Daniel C. Osher, Pro Hac Vice, Michael Brandon Jones, Graham W. White, Pro Hac Vice, Elias Law Group LLP, Washington, DC, for Plaintiffs Annie Lois Grant, Quentin T. Howell, Elroy Tolbert, Triana Arnold James, Eunice Sykes, Elbert Solomon, Dexter Wimbish in No. 1:22-CV-00122.

Makeba Rutahindurwa, Pro Hac Vice, Elias Law Group LLP, Seattle, WA, Kevin J. Hamilton, Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, WA, Adam Martin Sparks, Joyce Gist Lewis, Krevolin & Horst, LLC, Atlanta, GA, for Plaintiffs Garrett Reynolds, Jacqueline Faye Arbuthnot, Jacquelyn Bush, Mary Nell Conner in No. 1:22-CV-00122.


OPINION AND MEMORANDUM OF DECISION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OPINION AND MEMORANDUM OF DECISION 1180

I. FINDINGS OF FACT 1181

A. PROCEDURAL HISTORY 1184

1. Initial Filings 1184

2. Preliminary...

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