U.S. v. WELLS FARGO & CO.

Docket No. 18-1746 August Term, 2018.

943 F.3d 588 (2019)

UNITED STATES of America ex rel. Robert Kraus and Paul Bishop, Plaintiffs-Appellants, State of New York, ex rel. Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Delaware, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, District of Columbia, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Florida, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Hawaii, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of California, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Indiana, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Illinois, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Minnesota, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Nevada, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of New Hampshire, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of New Mexico, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Montana, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of North Carolina, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of New Jersey, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Oklahoma, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Rhode Island, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, State of Tennessee, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, Commonwealth of Virginia, ex rel Paul Bishop, ex rel Robert Kraus, Plaintiffs, v. WELLS FARGO & COMPANY, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Decided: November 21, 2019.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Jay W. Eisenhofer ( James J. Sabella , Grant & Eisenhofer P.A., New York, New York, Kyle J. McGee , Grant & Eisenhofer P.A., Wilmington, Delaware, Sharad A. Samy , Law Offices of Sharad A. Samy LLC, Darien, Connecticut, and Tejinder Singh , Goldstein & Russell, P.C., Bethesda, Maryland, on the brief), for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

Amy Pritchard Williams ( Stephen G. Rinehart , on the brief), Troutman Sanders LLP, Charlotte, North Carolina, for Defendants-Appellees.

Joseph H. Hunt , Assistant Attorney General, Richard P. Donoghue , United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, Charles W. Scarborough , Joshua M. Salzman , for the United States, Amicus Curiae.

Richard M. Ashton , Joshua P. Chadwick , Yvonne F. Mizusawa , Katherine A. Pomeroy , for Amicus Curiae Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Meghann E. Donahue , Michele Kalstein , for Amicus Curiae Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Keith Goodwin , Gregory J. Ewald , for Amicus Curiae Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.

Before: Katzmann, Chief Judge, Cabranes and Carney, Circuit Judges.


This case arises out of the 2008 financial crisis. This appeal—appellants' second—asks us to decide whether the False Claims Act (the "Act" or the "FCA"), 31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq., applies to persons who defraud the emergency lending facilities of the Federal Reserve System (the "Fed").

Paul...

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