OPINION
KLEINFELD, Circuit Judge:
A majority of the court has concluded that the plaintiffs have standing. A separate majority, for differing reasons, affirms the district court's dismissal of the plaintiffs' claim.
Parts I and II of this opinion are joined by Judges THOMAS, SILVERMAN, CLIFTON, BYBEE, and IKUTA. Part III of this opinion, addressing the merits of the plaintiffs' claim, is a dissent, joined by Judges BYBEE and IKUTA. Five of us, including...
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