ORDER
BABCOCK, Chief Judge.
These cases, removed here from Colorado courts and consolidated for the purpose of resolving the plaintiffs' motions to remand, present the narrow question whether claims arising out of neutral, state law of general applicability create a contested and substantial federal issue sufficient to establish jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 where, notwithstanding the existence of ecclesiastical recourse, secular norms govern...
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