BAREFOOT v. CITY OF WILMINGTON

Nos. 01-1185, 01-2191.

306 F.3d 113 (2002)

Ovalee BAREFOOT; George Wrage; Sharon Allen; Nicholas Fokakis; Algeron Lee Butler, Jr.; Susan Deibert Butler; John Ellis Bryant; Sherry Williams Bryant; Theodore Herring Hewlett, Sr.; Ann Joyce Hewlett; William Addison Hurst; Lillian Williamson Hurst; Miles Creamer Higgins; Margaret Glendy Williard Higgins; Miles Creamer Higgins, III; Colleen Mithcel Higgins; Janet Moore Hicks; John Russell Hicks; Carolyn Timms Hicks; Albert Emerson Willard; Elizabeth White Willard; Martin Stevenson Willard; Gabrielle Holmes Willard; Richard Bentley Waldkirch; Carol Welch Waldkirch; Sally Hicks Reardon; William Martin Willard; Thomas Leo Joyce; Suzanne Spence Joyce; John James Ormond; David Lewis Ormond; Mary Cain Ormond; Claude Huntley McAllister, Jr.; Nancy Hardacre McAllister; Kevin Slean Scully; Madeline Margurite Scully; Harriett Rieman; Jack A. Alford; Allan L. Antes; Jane L. Antes; Joseph F. Augustine; Carolyn R. Augustine; Robert C. Bowen, Sr.; Mary L. Bowen; Julian H. Bradberry, Jr.; Mary A. Bradberry; Vander M. Clemmons; Gloria R. Degnan; Murray J. Degnan; George Ditcheos; Barbara Ditcheos; Robert L. Downing; Henry P. Dozier; Frances M. Dozier; Gary D. Galloway; Jennie Galloway; Gregory V. Giammalvo; Gloria J. Giammalvo; William B. Haverty; Edna B. Haverty; Kevin J. Hoban; Michelle Hoban; Charles E. Horton; William S. Howell; Molly Howell; Floyd P. Kirby; Linda N. Kirby; Cliff C. Mabry, Jr.; Marty Mabry; C. Roy Mallott; Richard H. Marston, Jr.; Joan P. Marston; Hugh Alexander Mceachern, Jr.; Mary Mceachern; John V. Metts; Susan Metts; Richard L. Pennington; Bessie G. Pennington; Karl O. Pierce; Judy Pierce; Joel T. Piner; H. Van Reid; Dorothy B. Reid; James W. Rouse, Jr.; Janis M. Rouse; Phillip A. Scarrell; Mona R. Smalley; Kenneth Smith; Paula Smith; Edwin E. Spencer; Monica R. Spencer; Howard J. Talley; Betsey Talley; Gustave J. Van Nynatten; Joanna P. Van Nynatten; Richard L. Woodbury; Suzanne M. Woodbury; Barbara E`Emelio; Herchel E. Rogers; Julia P. Rogers; John C. Byrnes, III; Margaret J. Byrnes; Robert E. Doyle; James Rayburn; Sarah Rayburn; Catherine C. Tamisiea; Daniel J. Filomena; Catherine Filomena; Kirk A. Howard; Barbara A. Howard, J. Don Bullard; Faydene S. Corbett, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITY OF WILMINGTON, North Carolina, Defendant-Appellee, State of North Carolina, Intervenor-Appellee. Ovalee Barefoot; George Wrage; Sharon Allen; Nicholas Fokakis; Algeron Lee Butler, Jr.; Susan Deibert Butler; John Ellis Bryant; Sherry Williams Bryant; Theodore Herring Hewlett, Sr.; Ann Joyce Hewlett; William Addison Hurst; Lillian Williamson Hurst; Miles Creamer Higgins; Margaret Glendy Williard Higgins; Miles Creamer Higgins, III; Colleen Mithcel Higgins; Janet Moore Hicks; John Russell Hicks; Carolyn Timms Hicks; Albert Emerson Willard; Elizabeth White Willard; Martin Stevenson Willard; Gabrielle Holmes Willard; Richard Bentley Waldkirch; Carol Welch Waldkirch; Sally Hicks Reardon; William Martin Willard; Thomas Leo Joyce; Suzanne Spence Joyce; John James Ormond; David Lewis Ormond; Mary Cain Ormond; Claude Huntley McAllister, Jr.; Nancy Hardacre McAllister; Kevin Slean Scully; Madeline Margurite Scully; Harriett Rieman; Jack A. Alford; Allan L. Antes; Jane L. Antes; Joseph F. Augustine; Carolyn R. Augustine; Robert C. Bowen, Sr.; Mary L. Bowen; Julian H. Bradberry, Jr.; Mary A. Bradberry; Vander M. Clemmons; Gloria R. Degnan; Murray J. Degnan; George Ditcheos; Barbara Ditcheos; Robert L. Downing; Henry P. Dozier; Frances M. Dozier; Gary D. Galloway; Jennie Galloway; Gregory V. Giammalvo; Gloria J. Giammalvo; William B. Haverty; Edna B. Haverty; Kevin J. Hoban; Michelle Hoban; Charles E. Horton; William S. Howell; Molly Howell; Floyd P. Kirby; Linda N. Kirby; Cliff C. Mabry, Jr.; Marty Mabry; C. Roy Mallott; Richard H. Marston, Jr.; Joan P. Marston; Hugh Alexander Mceachern, Jr.; Mary Mceachern; John V. Metts; Susan Metts; Richard L. Pennington; Bessie G. Pennington; Karl O. Pierce; Judy Pierce; Joel T. Piner; H. Van Reid; Dorothy B. Reid; James W. Rouse, Jr.; Janis M. Rouse; Phillip A. Scarrell; Mona R. Smalley; Kenneth Smith; Paula Smith; Edwin E. Spencer; Monica R. Spencer; Howard J. Talley; Betsey Talley; Gustave J. Van Nynatten; Joanna P. Van Nynatten; Richard L. Woodbury; Suzanne M. Woodbury; Barbara E`Emelio; Herchel E. Rogers; Julia P. Rogers; John C. Byrnes, III; Margaret J. Byrnes; Robert E. Doyle; James Rayburn; Sarah Rayburn; Catherine C. Tamisiea; Daniel J. Filomena; Catherine Filomena; Kirk A. Howard; Barbara A. Howard, J. Don Bullard; Faydene S. Corbett, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. City of Wilmington, North Carolina, Defendant-Appellee, State of North Carolina, Intervenor-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided June 10, 2002.

Filed September 12, 2002.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Mary Margaret McEachern Nunalee, Nunalee & Nunalee, L.L.P., Wilmington, North Carolina; James Edison Eldridge, The Eldridge Law Firm, P.C., Wilmington, North Carolina, for Appellants. Thomas Clyde Pollard, City Attorney for City of Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, for Appellees.

Before WILKINS, LUTTIG, and GREGORY, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

GREGORY, Circuit Judge.

The Appellants challenge the City of Wilmington's decision to annex territory on which they reside. They assert that the annexation violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment, and the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV. We hold that Wilmington's actions did not violate any of these provisions of...

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