Opinion of the Court by ACOBA, J.
We hold that when a promissory note provides for joint and several liability, not all borrowers on the note are required to be joined under Hawai`i Rules of Civil Procedure (HRCP) Rule 19(a) or Rule 19(b) in an action to enforce the note. Similarly, we hold that a guarantor of a promissory note secured by a mortgage is not required to be joined as a party under HRCP Rule 19 in a mortgage foreclosure action. Thus, the absence of a...
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