MEMORANDUM OPINION
DOWD, District Judge.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sarah E. Coles, a former student in the Cleveland Public Schools, and Gene T. Tracy, a Cleveland public school teacher, filed this action against the Cleveland Board of Education ("the board") and John M. Goff, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State of Ohio, alleging that the board's practice of opening meetings with a prayer or a moment of silence violates the federal...
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