MEMORANDUM OF OPINION AND ORDER
LEVI, District Judge.
This case presents difficult questions as to the scope of preemption under the Medical Device Amendments ("MDA") to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. §§ 321-394. The devices particularly at issue — pacemaker leads — are Class III devices, the most sensitive classification, but were not required to go through the Food and Drug Administration's ("FDA") exacting premarket...
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