OPINION
BROTMAN, District Judge:
Presently before the court are the motions of defendants for summary judgment. For the reasons set forth below, the motions are granted.
I. FACTS
The following facts are undisputed. On November 17, 1990, plaintiffs' decedent, Joseph Malignaggi, took two waitresses hostage with a rifle in a Harrison Township restaurant. No one knew that the rifle was unloaded. He ordered everyone but the...
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