MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
SPORKIN, District Judge.
Plaintiffs here seek review of the Secretary of the Interior's final rule, 58 Fed.Reg. 16,742, listing the coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica) (P.c.c.) as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. Parties have filed cross motions for summary judgment.
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
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