MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
ASPEN, District Judge:
Today we resolve the following challenges to the constitutionality of the Illinois death penalty scheme, Ill.Rev.Stat. ch. 38, ¶ 9-1: (1) that the statute and jury instructions impose a presumption in favor of death in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution (Ground 5)
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