MEMORANDUM OPINION
BUCHMEYER, District Judge.
This is a voting rights case.
It concerns the "8-3 system" for the election of members of the Dallas City Council—i.e., 8 single-member districts and 3 "at-large" places. Under this system, no African-American has ever been elected to one of the at-large seats; only one Mexican-American has been elected at-large under the 8-3 system but, as discussed below, this was due to some very unusual circumstances...
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