OPINION
ZIEGLER, District Judge.
The Metropolitan Pittsburgh Crusade for Voters and nine individuals filed this civil action for declaratory and injunctive relief on January 22, 1986 on behalf of all black residents in the City of Pittsburgh. Upon the motion of plaintiffs, the court certified a class of "All black citizens of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania" pursuant to Rule 23(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. At the commencement of this...
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