MEMORANDUM OF DECISION UNDER FED.R.CIV.P. 52(a)
LUDWIG, District Judge.
In 1986, the Internal Revenue Service assessed penalties against plaintiffs American Technology Resources, Albert S. Pitts, James A. Pitts, and Thomas M. Pitts for promoting abusive tax shelters as to tax years 1982 and 1983. 26 U.S.C. § 6700. Pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 6703(c), plaintiffs, having paid 15 percent of the penalties, filed this action contesting their liability....
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