MEMORANDUM OPINION
ACKER, District Judge.
The Court is faced with a challenge to the constitutionality of 18 U.S.C. §§ 3579 and 3580, insofar as these new statutory provisions of the Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982 purport to require "restitution" to a "victim" by a person convicted of a federal crime. In this particular case the indictment was brought under 18 U.S.C. § 1201(a)(1), the kidnapping statute. From the evidence upon which...
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