OPINION
GILMORE, District Judge.
For more than a century, the City of Detroit's Fire Department was, for all practical purposes, the private preserve of white males. No black even served in the Department until 1938, and until the 1970's black representation was minimal. Blacks at the upper level of the Department were nonexistent, as were female fire fighters.
The plaintiffs in this lawsuit, 38 white male applicants for positions as fire fighters...
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