OPINION
LUONGO, District Judge.
These are civil rights actions against Philadelphia police officers and the City of Philadelphia. Jurisdiction is based on 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331(a) and 1343(3). The claims arise under the Civil Rights Act of 1871 and various provisions of the Federal Constitution. Plaintiffs seek also to assert pendent state tort law claims. The cases are before me on motions to dismiss, Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b).
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