MURRAY, Chief Judge.
This is a civil action brought by the government under the provisions of the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. § 231 et seq. to recover the penalties provided by that Act. Jurisdiction of the action is expressly conferred on this court by 31 U.S.C. § 232(A).
Section 231 of Title 31 provides in pertinent part as follows:
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