FIELD, Chief Judge.
These actions, consolidated for trial without a jury, were instituted by the respective plaintiffs to recover certain excise taxes which they were required to pay under the provisions of § 1710 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, 26 U.S. C.A. § 1710, and § 4241 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, 26 U.S.C.A. § 4241, which imposes a 20% tax on initiation fees and annual membership dues in excess of $10 paid by members of...
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