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HIRABAYASHI v. UNITED STATES

No. 870.

320 U.S. 81 (1943)

63 S.Ct. 1375

87 L.Ed. 1774

HIRABAYASHI v. UNITED STATES.

Supreme Court of United States.

Decided June 21, 1943.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Messrs. Frank L. Walters and Harold Evans, with whom Messrs. Osmond K. Fraenkel, Arthur G. Barnett, Edwin M. Borchard, Brien McMahon, and William Draper Lewis were on the brief (Mr. Alfred J. Schweppe entered an appearance), for Hirabayashi.

Solicitor General Fahy, with whom Messrs. Edward J. Ennis, Arnold Raum, John L. Burling, and Leo Gitlin were on the brief, for the United States.

Briefs of amici curiae were filed by Messrs. Arthur Garfield Hays, Osmond K. Fraenkel, and A.L. Wirin on behalf of the American Civil Liberties Union; by Mr. A.L. Wirin on behalf of the Japanese American Citizens League; and by Mr. Jackson H. Ralston on behalf of the Northern California Branch of the American Civil Liberties Union, — in support of Hirabayashi; and by Messrs. Robert W. Kenny, Attorney General of California, I.H. Van Winkle, Attorney General of Oregon, Smith Troy, Attorney General of the State of Washington, and Fred E. Lewis, Chief Assistant and Acting Attorney General of the State of Washington, on behalf of those States, — urging affirmance.

MR. CHIEF JUSTICE STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

Appellant, an American citizen of Japanese ancestry, was convicted in the district court of violating the Act of Congress of March 21, 1942, 56 Stat. 173, which makes it a misdemeanor knowingly to disregard restrictions made applicable by a military commander to persons in a military area prescribed by him as such, all as authorized by an Executive Order of the President.

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