MR. JUSTICE WHITE delivered the opinion of the court.
These writs of error are prosecuted to obtain the reversal of judgments entered in favor of the United States in actions brought to recover back sums paid as penalties imposed and collected under authority of § 9 of the Immigration Act of March 3, 1903. One action concerned penalties exacted before and the other related to a penalty which attached after the promulgation by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor...
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