MR. JUSTICE GRAY, after stating the case, delivered the opinion of the court.
Of suits of a civil nature, at law or in equity, the Circuit Courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, by reason of the citizenship of the parties, in cases between citizens of different States or between citizens of a State and aliens; and by reason of the cause of action, "in cases arising under the Constitution or laws of United States, or treaties made or which shall be...
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